Viral infection: The gut microbiota: friend or foe? : Nature Reviews Microbiology

“We normally think of the gut microbiota as the ‘friendly’ bacteria that carry out many beneficial functions, including protecting us from infection. But two studies now identify a different side to the gut microbiota, showing that it can actually facilitate viral infection and promote transmission.”

Another interesting review that is in a CLOSED ACCESS paper. The barrier to casual reading is too high.

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Host response: Probiotic ingestion alters mood : Nature Reviews Microbiology

“There is growing evidence that the intestinal microbiota interacts with the host central nervous system (CNS) to modify stress responses and anxiety behaviour; this is the so-called gut–brain axis. Bravo et al.Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 can alter the transcript level for receptors of the neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) in the CNS in a region-dependent manner.”

Yet one more data point on the bugs-gut story.

[This is not an open access article. Boo. Hiss.]

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PLoS ONE: Barcoded Pyrosequencing Reveals That Consumption of Galactooligosaccharides Results in a Highly Specific Bifidogenic Response in Humans

“Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that allow specific changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota that confer health benefits to the host. However, the effects of prebiotics on the human gut microbiota are incomplete as most studies have relied on methods that fail to cover the breadth of the bacterial community. The goal of this research was to use high throughput multiplex community sequencing of 16S rDNA tags to gain a community wide perspective of the impact of prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on the fecal microbiota of healthy human subjects.”

I’ve seen a ton of papers on “probiotics”, but I think this is the first I’ve heard of “prebiotics”. There is mounting data about the effect of gut bugs on our own systems, and there is a growing set of data on how our diet affects our gut bugs. A wee Google search shows that there’s been a lot of papers data on specific foods that selectively promote the growth of specific gut bugs.

Hm, this is really interesting. It all seems to be coming together. My suggestion: if you’re a grad student or a post-doc in biology, human gut microbiology and ecology is gonna be a big topic in the near future. It’s gonna change the face of medicine.

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Probiotics In Future May Be Prescribed For Your Neurological Well-Being – Medical News Today

“The study was led by Professor Mark Lyte and has been published recently in BioEssays. The researchers have proposed that neuroactive compounds if delivered via neurochemical-producing probiotics could help improve a host’s gastrointestinal and psychological health. These probiotics could be prepared for delivery of the compound using a unifying process of microbial endocrinology.”This paper proposes a new field of microbial endocrinology, where microbiology meets neuroscience,” said Lyte.”

I’ve seen a few papers talking about immunoregulation by gut bacteria. Here’s a report on neuroregulation. Pretty cool.

[via @microbeworld]

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Microbes Give Mice Intestinal Fortitude – ScienceNOW

"The findings add to the growing understanding of the complex relationship between our health and the bacteria living in and on our bodies. They also add to the growing conviction that it might one day be possible to curb diarrhea, and prevent other diseases, by making sure our guts have the right complement of bacteria."

I saw a Nature paper on how <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v469/n7331/full/nature09646.html">Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate.</a> Both these papers suggest that there may be ways to control bacterial pathogenesis with other bacteria. Can you say probiotics?

Bookmarked in Delicious.

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Do gut bacteria worsen malnourishment? : Nature News

“Ultimately, Smith would like to identify a bacterium or set of bacteria that protects children from kwashiorkor, and add it to the emergency rations handed out to starving children, or give it to them beforehand. “Maybe we can do earlier interventions — before they suffer,” she says.”

Another interesting finding teasing out the importance of gut bacteria in human health. An interesting outcome would be creating a probiotic to prevent or recover from malnutrition.

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