At the iGEM Jamboree there was a lot of discussion of Minimal Cells, cells that have the fewest number of components to function as a laboratory organism. One of the key benefits is that it's a defined organism that does only what it needs to do and gets out of the way of the main things someone wants to use them for, say, to create an engineered machine.*
From the discussions, a few said that the route to a Minimal Cell was to subtract components from a current cell and see which ones were essential for operation.
That didn't sit well with me. And it took a while for me to develop an analogy to explain why.
To me, removing components from an existing cell to create a Minimal Cell is like removing components from a Boeing Dreamliner to see what's essential for an airplane (a Minimal Airplane could be like a Wright Flyer).
The mistake is forgetting that even bacteria are highly complex and evolved organisms with complex multi-subunit enzymes and structures. That complexity causes a limit to what can be removed, simply due to the complexity-overhead the bacteria has accumulated over billions of years.
In the plane analogy, the Dreamliner has a ton of essential components, say fly-by-wire, that really were added in evolution, replacing a simpler version, such as manual flying. The function, "controlling the flaps," is what's important, not the component. And the fly-by-wire system makes a whole load of other systems essential (complexity overhead), but which could be dispensed with in a manual system.
Makes sense?
I suppose I am of the school of bottom-up rather than top-down construction of Minimal Cells. And I suppose these discussions have already happened. [Indeed, Foster and Church's 2006 paper "Towards synthesis of a minimal cell" is a good foundation paper.]
I'm not trying to knock on all those working on Minimal Cells. here is a benefit to top-down reductionism, teaching us which pathways and functions are essential, even if we are not finding out the ideal components.
I'm just trying to develop a metaphor for myself to help me think of how to build a Minimal Cell.
That's all.
Image from Boeing
*Heh, one interesting thing I noticed at the iGEM Jamboree was a vocabulary developing around synthbio – machine, quorum sensing, chassis – words I've never used before in biology and that come from engineer-speak. I like it. 🙂


